# Latest **URL:** https://discuss.bayesflow.org/latest.md?page=1 [Latest](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/latest.md) · [Categories](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/categories.md) · [Tags](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/tags.md) **Page:** 2 --- ## [Fitting a value-based decision model with trial-level context variables](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/fitting-a-value-based-decision-model-with-trial-level-context-variables/194)
**Author:** [@ErikStuchly](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/ErikStuchly)\ **Replies:** 4\ **Last updated:** [September 15, 2025, 9:33am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/fitting-a-value-based-decision-model-with-trial-level-context-variables/194 "2025-09-15T09:33:13Z")
Hi there, I am very new to amortised bayesian inference, so apologies in advance if my questions seem uninformed or contain some misconceptions! Anyway, I am hoping to create and fit a decision-making model, not quite … --- ## [Different ECDF outputs between bayesflow 1 and 2](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/different-ecdf-outputs-between-bayesflow-1-and-2/193)
**Author:** [@pavgreen](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/pavgreen)\ **Replies:** 6\ **Last updated:** [September 4, 2025, 1:45pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/different-ecdf-outputs-between-bayesflow-1-and-2/193 "2025-09-04T13:45:31Z")
Hi all, I am currently running a drift diffusion model focused on post-decisional evidence accumulation and am having trouble reconciling different outcomes between BF versions 1 and 2. I understand that these processe… --- ## [Parameter Recovery Issues with Item Response Theory (IRT) Models](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/parameter-recovery-issues-with-item-response-theory-irt-models/191)
**Author:** [@VinzentJ](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/VinzentJ)\ **Replies:** 19\ **Last updated:** [August 28, 2025, 1:51pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/parameter-recovery-issues-with-item-response-theory-irt-models/191 "2025-08-28T13:51:35Z")
Hi everyone, I’m working on estimating Item Response Theory (IRT) parameters with BayesFlow, specifically implementing a 2PL model where I want to estimate item discrimination (a) and difficulty (b) parameters from resp… --- ## [Error running setTransformer summary](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/error-running-settransformer-summary/192)
**Author:** [@pavgreen](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/pavgreen)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [August 24, 2025, 5:56pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/error-running-settransformer-summary/192 "2025-08-24T17:56:46Z")
Hi all, I’m a complete newbie at this so this may be a simple fix. I’m currently running an evidence accumulation model, specifically investigating post-decision evidence accumulation as an index of certainty/confidence… --- ## [Difficulty Estimating a Multivariate Normal Outcome](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/difficulty-estimating-a-multivariate-normal-outcome/182)
**Author:** [@NathanielF](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/NathanielF)\ **Replies:** 28\ **Last updated:** [August 7, 2025, 3:08pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/difficulty-estimating-a-multivariate-normal-outcome/182 "2025-08-07T15:08:39Z")
Hi All, I’m trying to develop a better understanding of the amortized bayesian inference procedures and maybe compare them with vanilla bayesian modelling and/or VAE methods. So i thought i’d try and do a parameter rec… --- ## [Posterior Point Estimates Options](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/posterior-point-estimates-options/177)
**Author:** [@ali](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/ali)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [July 14, 2025, 1:32pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/posterior-point-estimates-options/177 "2025-07-14T13:32:04Z")
Hi all, When the posterior has different modes (like a very high peak with some minor but long tales), what would be a better alternative for calculating the aggregate value of samples other than ‘mean’ or ‘median’? I r… --- ## [Context arrays being flattened when passed from meta() to simulator function](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/context-arrays-being-flattened-when-passed-from-meta-to-simulator-function/173)
**Author:** [@BShevlin](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/BShevlin)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [June 20, 2025, 1:57pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/context-arrays-being-flattened-when-passed-from-meta-to-simulator-function/173 "2025-06-20T13:57:59Z")
Hi everyone, I’m encountering what appears to be a bug where multi-dimensional numpy arrays returned from the meta() function are being flattened when passed to the simulator function. Here are the details: Problem Des… --- ## [How to load a trained approximator when using a custom summary network?](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/how-to-load-a-trained-approximator-when-using-a-custom-summary-network/176)
**Author:** [@tdj2000](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/tdj2000)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [June 18, 2025, 11:49am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/how-to-load-a-trained-approximator-when-using-a-custom-summary-network/176 "2025-06-18T11:49:03Z")
Hi all, Sorry for the many questions I have had lately, thanks for your time and effort, it is much appreciated! I have been getting trouble when trying to load a trained approximator when I use a custom summary networ… --- ## [Error when using loaded approximator](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/error-when-using-loaded-approximator/170)
**Author:** [@tdj2000](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/tdj2000)\ **Replies:** 9\ **Last updated:** [June 17, 2025, 3:18pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/error-when-using-loaded-approximator/170 "2025-06-17T15:18:50Z")
When I try to use .sample when using a loaded approximator I get the following error: ValueError: Cannot call forward with strict=False before calling forward with strict=True. The issue does not come up when I try to … --- ## [How to correctly load a trained ModelComparisonApproximator model?](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/how-to-correctly-load-a-trained-modelcomparisonapproximator-model/169)
**Author:** [@dizyd](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/dizyd)\ **Replies:** 7\ **Last updated:** [June 17, 2025, 9:26am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/how-to-correctly-load-a-trained-modelcomparisonapproximator-model/169 "2025-06-17T09:26:51Z")
Hi everyone, I am starting to learn more about using Bayesflow, but I don’t have much experience with keras before, so this might be a trivial question. After training my network using a ModelComparisonApproximator I sa… --- ## [Getting error running Linear Regression Example](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/getting-error-running-linear-regression-example/143)
**Author:** [@Collins.282](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/Collins.282)\ **Replies:** 18\ **Last updated:** [June 10, 2025, 7:29am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/getting-error-running-linear-regression-example/143 "2025-06-10T07:29:42Z")
I am trying to become familiar with BayesFlow by going through the example scripts. I installed the latest version of Bayesflow and just tried to run the Linear\_Regression\_Starter example right from the Juypter notebook.… --- ## [Plotting of the loss](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/plotting-of-the-loss/168)
**Author:** [@tdj2000](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/tdj2000)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [June 7, 2025, 12:57pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/plotting-of-the-loss/168 "2025-06-07T12:57:38Z")
Hi all, I have been training some models using different summary networks. One of the things I am interested in is the decay of the loss function, especially in the first few epochs. However, when using f = bf.diagnosti… --- ## [Neual likelihood estimation](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/neual-likelihood-estimation/158)
**Author:** [@Jice](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/Jice)\ **Replies:** 12\ **Last updated:** [June 2, 2025, 1:08pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/neual-likelihood-estimation/158 "2025-06-02T13:08:40Z")
Hi everyone, I’m currently building a likelihood estimator using BayesFlow v1. The model setup is relatively simple — we aim to estimate the likelihood p(y∣θ), where θ is a two-dimensional parameter vector and y is a sc… --- ## [A question about amortized VI](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/a-question-about-amortized-vi/167)
**Author:** [@mingqian.guo](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/mingqian.guo)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [June 2, 2025, 1:07pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/a-question-about-amortized-vi/167 "2025-06-02T13:07:10Z")
Dear Bayesflow developers/Bayesian model experts, I am start to learn the amortized Bayesian inference. Bayesflow is a wonderful package, but as a stupid person, i always find flow model hard to understand. In the meanw… --- ## [ConfigurationError in hierarchical model](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/configurationerror-in-hierarchical-model/161)
**Author:** [@Jice](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/Jice)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [May 22, 2025, 8:22pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/configurationerror-in-hierarchical-model/161 "2025-05-22T20:22:43Z")
Hi, I’ve recently trying BayesFlow v1 for posterior estimation in a hierarchical model. The parameters I have are: 8 hyperparameters: \\mu\_1, \\mu\_2, \\mu\_3, \\mu\_4, \\sigma\_1, \\sigma\_2, \\sigma\_3, \\sigma\_4 and 4 local para… --- ## [What is the equivalent of the InvertibleNetwork in BayesFlow 2.0?](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/what-is-the-equivalent-of-the-invertiblenetwork-in-bayesflow-2-0/153)
**Author:** [@tdj2000](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/tdj2000)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [May 1, 2025, 5:48pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/what-is-the-equivalent-of-the-invertiblenetwork-in-bayesflow-2-0/153 "2025-05-01T17:48:36Z")
I have a project built using the old version of BayesFlow which I am updating to use the new version of BayesFlow. Which new InferenceNetwork class is most similar to the standard InvertibleNetwork that was available in … --- ## [Handle 3D dataset](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/handle-3d-dataset/151)
**Author:** [@EdAtkin](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/EdAtkin)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [April 29, 2025, 3:29pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/handle-3d-dataset/151 "2025-04-29T15:29:53Z")
Hi, I’ve been having problems when trying to train a simple inference network with a 3D dataset. The problem arises here when the target and conditions are being concatenated in the dense network. I think what is happen… --- ## [Getting Error using ModelComparisonSimulator in BF 2.0.1](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/getting-error-using-modelcomparisonsimulator-in-bf-2-0-1/150)
**Author:** [@dizyd](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/dizyd)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [April 25, 2025, 10:14am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/getting-error-using-modelcomparisonsimulator-in-bf-2-0-1/150 "2025-04-25T10:14:37Z")
Hey, I am trying to use the new BayesFlow version (2.0.1) and workflow to make individual-level comparisons between a set of some cognitive process models. I oriented myself on the “Simple Model Comparison - One Sample… --- ## [Error with make\_simulator](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/error-with-make-simulator/146)
**Author:** [@Esha](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/Esha)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [April 17, 2025, 7:14am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/error-with-make-simulator/146 "2025-04-17T07:14:15Z")
I am very new to BayesFlow and I am running the Simple Model Comparison - One Sample T-Test to get an idea. However when running the code related to this topic I get an error as AttributeError: module ‘bayesflow’ has n… --- ## [Segmentation fault with jax](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/segmentation-fault-with-jax/140)
**Author:** [@chab](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/chab)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [April 6, 2025, 9:54am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/segmentation-fault-with-jax/140 "2025-04-06T09:54:00Z")
I tried running the “Two Moons: Tackling Bimodal Posteriors” with jax + gpu but it failed when calling fit\_offline and raise a Segmentation Fault. I then reimported bayesflow like this : os.environ\[“JAX\_PLATFORMS”\] = … --- ## [Pip installation outdated?](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/pip-installation-outdated/139)
**Author:** [@chab](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/chab)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [April 3, 2025, 12:48pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/pip-installation-outdated/139 "2025-04-03T12:48:49Z")
Hello, I was trying to install BayesFlow from pip but it seems to be outdated regarding to the example notebooks. For example, in the Two Moons notebook, one create a simulator like this simulator = bayesflow.make\_sim… --- ## [V2 BayesFlow and Hierarchal Modeling](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/v2-bayesflow-and-hierarchal-modeling/136)
**Author:** [@tooweisian](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/tooweisian)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [April 3, 2025, 11:38am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/v2-bayesflow-and-hierarchal-modeling/136 "2025-04-03T11:38:33Z")
Hello, I had a quick question about the interface for hierarchal models; are hierarchal models supported in BayesFlow V2? I remember there were several methods in V1 that supported hierarchal models. If so, how would yo… --- ## [How to Prevent Overfitting with a Very Small Dataset?](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/how-to-prevent-overfitting-with-a-very-small-dataset/135)
**Author:** [@philippreiser](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/philippreiser)\ **Replies:** 7\ **Last updated:** [March 26, 2025, 12:36pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/how-to-prevent-overfitting-with-a-very-small-dataset/135 "2025-03-26T12:36:53Z")
Hi everyone, I’m working with a very small dataset (only 16 model evaluations: four prior evaluations and for each four likelihood evaluations). With this setup the networks overfit quickly. Here’s an example: import … --- ## [BayesFlow Neo (V2) Now Available](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/bayesflow-neo-v2-now-available/134)
**Author:** [@KLDivergence](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/KLDivergence)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 19, 2025, 3:05pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/bayesflow-neo-v2-now-available/134 "2025-03-19T15:05:29Z")
Friends, The new version preview (pre-release) of BayesFlow is out there, along with updated tutorials and completely revamped codebase for the next generation of amortized Bayesian inference. You can now use any deep … --- ## [SetTransformer Dimensions](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/settransformer-dimensions/133)
**Author:** [@tooweisian](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/tooweisian)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [March 14, 2025, 4:35pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/settransformer-dimensions/133 "2025-03-14T16:35:35Z")
Hello, Thank you for the amazing library! It is a wonderful tool. I am trying to implement a Hierarchical model. After passing everything through the configurator, the stimulated data has shape (num\_batches, num\_groups,… --- ## [Warning during online training leading to NaN loss](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/warning-during-online-training-leading-to-nan-loss/131)
**Author:** [@philippreiser](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/philippreiser)\ **Replies:** 4\ **Last updated:** [February 25, 2025, 4:00pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/warning-during-online-training-leading-to-nan-loss/131 "2025-02-25T16:00:36Z")
Hi! I’m currently working on the dev branch and training a FlowMatching Inference network using an OnlineDataset. However, I occasionally encounter the following warnings: /data/homes/reiser/.conda/envs/sabi\_env/lib/py… --- ## [Prior function and random seeds](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/prior-function-and-random-seeds/129)
**Author:** [@EdAtkin](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/EdAtkin)\ **Replies:** 5\ **Last updated:** [February 25, 2025, 1:34pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/prior-function-and-random-seeds/129 "2025-02-25T13:34:21Z")
Hi, I’m new to BayesFlow and am trying to get it set up with some other Bayesian analysis software that I use so sorry if this is a basic question. At the moment, I have come up against a pretty simple error which is th… --- ## [Meta function for implementing random nobs](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/meta-function-for-implementing-random-nobs/130)
**Author:** [@tuba](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/tuba)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [February 21, 2025, 10:49am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/meta-function-for-implementing-random-nobs/130 "2025-02-21T10:49:07Z")
Hi all, I am getting started with the new version where I want to implement a cognitive model with varying trial number per participant. However, when I try to use meta function, it works when sampling from the simulato… --- ## [How to correctly load a trained ContinuousApproximator model to sample from it?](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/how-to-correctly-load-a-trained-continuousapproximator-model-to-sample-from-it/127)
**Author:** [@philippreiser](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/philippreiser)\ **Replies:** 4\ **Last updated:** [February 16, 2025, 9:28am UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/how-to-correctly-load-a-trained-continuousapproximator-model-to-sample-from-it/127 "2025-02-16T09:28:42Z")
Hi! I am getting started to work with BayesFlow on the dev branch (latest commit 8210610). Sorry for all the questions! :smiley: I am trying to load a saved approximator model via keras.saving.load\_model("approximator.… --- ## [Simple negative binomial inference](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/simple-negative-binomial-inference/99)
**Author:** [@mrazo](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/u/mrazo)\ **Replies:** 6\ **Last updated:** [January 23, 2025, 11:16pm UTC](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/t/simple-negative-binomial-inference/99 "2025-01-23T23:16:20Z")
Dear BayesFlow team, I am trying to get a feel for how to work with the codebase by using a very simple example related to the real inference I want to work on. The simple exercise consists of training a neural network … [Previous page](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/latest.md) [Next page](https://discuss.bayesflow.org/latest.md?page=2)